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The Cathedral and the Bazaar
Microsoft's ".NET" (dot net) strategy and ".NET Framework" technical architecture is Microsoft's answer to Java and CORBA.
For large organizations, Microsoft's cathedral provides more stability and control because of the closed, incremental approach. More importantly, Microsoft's approach yields a larger base of capable developers and users. A focused set of users raises the economic threshold for when investors are willing to invest in subsidiary products and services such as training and add-on tools.
Developer attention is fragmented in the open source world, which makes it difficult to find and keep skills. In order to keep up with the fast pace of technological change, developers need to jump to the next hottest thing (even before making the current technology truely usable).
This may change as the popularity of Google Apps grows and concentrates developer attention.
Dot Net Framework ComponentsMicrosoft counters Java's “Write once, Run anywhere” premise with “Write many languages, Run on one Micosoft platform”.
This has major implications for Microsoft's revenue model and technical careers.
dot NET Security Framework
from
Foundstone
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| .NET Framework | Visual Studio | Launch Date | OS Support | Features | EntLib | Platform SDK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| v1.0.3705 | 2002 | - | - | - | - | - |
| v1.1.4322 | 2003 | - | XP (IE 6.00), 2000 (IE 5.01) | Not shipped with Vista. | 1.1 June 2005 | - |
| v2.0.50727 | 2005 | Nov. 2005 | - | - |
2.0 Jan. 2006 3.1 May 2007 | 5.0 |
| v3.0 | 2008 | May 2008 | Shipped with Vista, download for XP SP1 (IE 7), Server 2003 | WCF, WF, WPF, LINQ to SQL, Silverlight | 4.0 May 2008 | 6.0 (WinFX) |
| v3.5 (30729) SP1 | 2008
SP1
x64 & IA64
| Oct 2008 | download for XP SP2, Vista, Server 2003 SP1 | SQL Server 2008 support. Dependency injection (DI IoC pattern)/interception/cross-cutting mechanism in the
Unity Application Block | 4.1 Oct 2008 | 6.1 |
| v3.5 update | - | - | - | KB958481 | - | - |
| v4.0 | 2010 | Beta1 2009 | Windows 7 | Parallel processing, NuGet | 5.0 | - |
| v4.5 | 2012 | 2012 | Windows 8 | "Metro" UI> | 5.0? | - |
LanguagesMicrosoft had first said J++ is no longer one of the languages in the Visual Studio.NET suite of many languages. Microsot once provided a Java User Migration Path (JUMP) to the C# language (pronounced "see sharp"). For a while, Java was a supported language as J#.
Preparing Your Visual Basic 6.0 Applications for the Upgrade to Visual Basic.NET
This October 2000 article discusses the fundamental architectural issues when
upgrading from Visual Basic 6 to Visual Basic.NET using the Visual Basic.NET Upgrade Tool.
Visual?
C++ is used for low-level programming.
C# was invented by Anders Heilsberg's team.
F# is for functional programming.
VB.NET
JScript is derived from JavaScript Like Node.js.
Brad Abrams was Microsoft's lead program manager on the .NET Framework team.
VS.NET IDE
Visual Studio Magazine columns by
Roger Jennings of Oakleaf Systems July 2, 2002 on ACT
Run window.
To use shortcut keys, type Ctrl-Esc, R (for Run), devenv, Enter.
When Visual Studio is installed, you are prompted to set Envrionment settings for General, Visual Basic, C#, or Web Development. If later you want to switch, in menu Tools > Import and Export Settings > Reset all settings option.
Projects exist within a Solution.
By default, project files are saved on Vista machine's
C:\Users\user\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\MyProject
Efficiently Using Expressions (Aggregates, Selections,
Common Language Specification
CLR (Common Language Runtime)Microsoft hired from Sun several who wrote the Java runtime, and had them create Microsoft's own Intermediate Language (MSIL) called OptIL, and associated compilers: one for each of the existing programming source languages> and a run-time compiler to create machine code executable native to each hardware platform.
Much like the Java RunTime engine, a Common Language Runtime (CLR) execution engine (EE) "assembles" and "manages" OptIL code and provides services such as memory management, cross language integration, exception handling, code access security, and automatic lifetime control of objects.
.NET applications, components, and controls are built using Microsoft's .NET Framework class library.
.NET applications code written using this contract of cooperation is called "managed" code.
From COM to .NETExisting "unmanaged" COM applications can use a COM callable wrapper (CCW) to access system functionality managed by CLS-compliant library of classes, interfaces, and value types.
dot NET eliminiates COM plumbing.
| COM | dot NET |
|---|---|
| Registration | self-described apps |
| GUIDs | hierarchial namespaces in BCL |
| .IDL files | unified object model |
| HRESULTs | structured execptions |
| IUnknown | common root object |
| AddRef/release | automatic garbabe collector |
| CoCreateInstance | new operator |
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Base Class Library Namespaces For Import Into Source CodeThe Base Class Library (BCL) provides for developers common functions calls:
Some namespaces are standardized as ECMA 335 and ISO/IEC 23271:2006 standards.[1][2] See WIKIPEDIA
The System namespace provides support for the console environments provides base types for handlign String, DateTime, Boolean, math functions, and base classes for attributes, exceptions, and arrays.
The System.Collections namespace defines common containers (collections) for programming lists, queues, stacks, hashtables, and dictionaries. It includes support for generics.
The System.Globalization namespace
Other namespaces include .Threading, .IO for Files, .Text, .Xml, .Net for networking, .Reflection, .Security for cryptography, .Diagnostics
.Runtime for interop with COM.
Non-standarized (proprietary) Microsoft namespaces include ADO.NET, Linq, Drawing, Web (for ASP.NET), and System.Windows.Forms>
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Enterprise Library
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| Query | Operations | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| select | Projection | limit the number of columns returned |
| count, average, min, max | Aggregation | - |
| where | Filtering | - |
| join | Grouping | - |
| orderby | Partitioning | returns input sequence as sections without rearranging the elements after Skip (excluding) or take (including) elements at specified positions or skipwhile or takewhile until an element does not satisfy a specific condition. |
LINQ, introduced in 2008, are tricks in the .NET compiler which extend C# and VB languages to access a variety of data sources (in-memory and XML structures as well as databases).
The compiler translates SQL query-like syntax into method calls such as:
MS dot Net Architecture
Companies & Products
Microsoft ADO.NET (Core Reference) by David Sceppa
using System.Collections;
namespace System.Collections.Generic{
public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable{
new IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator();
}
IEnumerable<int> numQuery2 = numbers.Where(num => num % 2 == 0).OrderBy(n => n);
foreach (int i in numQuery2){
Console.Write(i + " ");
}
}
The <out T> is a C# 4.0 artifact.
The <int> is a generic expression which are more general (generic) by not providing an implementation, because the data source is not known until run-time, IEnumerable<T> hides the true source of data.
The => are lambda commands introduced with C# 3 as in-line unnamed anonymous functions executed in a delegate invocation.
Delegates (event handlers) are used to pass methods as arguments to other methods. Delegates are used to define callback methods. For example, a reference to a method that compares two objects could be passed as an argument to a sort algorithm. Because the comparison code is in a separate procedure, the sort algorithm can be written in a more general way.
LINQ commands are therefor program commands, not embedded SQL strings. So LINQ command input can be assisted by intellisense and errors in them can be caught at compile-time rather than at run-time when another server (the database server) resolves them. Errors in database names and datatypes are referenced as strongly typed objects.
WF (Windows Workflow Foundation)
WF (Windows Workflow Foundation) for asynchronous/manual processing of sequential or state-machine flows,
It was nicknamed ___ during initial development.
WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) with Silverlight
WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation), defined by .baml (Binary XAML) files and
displayed by Silverlight/Mac Moonlight player, which compete with
Adobe Flash
It was nicknamed ___ during initial development.
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Code Profilers
The NPerf framework uses reflection to gather the benchmark testers, the tested types, runs the tests and output the results. The user just have to write the benchmark methods. Its custom attributes are located in its NPerf.Framework namespace, NPerf.Framework.dll assembly.
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Lutz Roeder's Reflector for .NET (formerly
here before RedGate) provides a class browser for .NET components and assemblies.
It features hierarchical assembly and namespace views, type and member dictionary index search,
type reference search, custom attributes view, an IL disassembler and viewers for C# XML documentations and MSDN help.
Assembly dependency trees, supertype/subtype hierarchies and
resources can be inspected as well. Function prototypes are displayed in C#, VB and Eiffel syntax. Windows XP enabled.
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ibuyspy.com
$28 Performance Testing Microsoft .NET Web Applications
by Microsoft Press (September 25, 2002)
$30 Performance Tuning and Optimization for ASP.NET Applications (Apress, April 2003)
Maximizing .NET Performance
Microsoft .NET Distributed Applications: Integrating XML Web Services and .NET Remoting (Microsoft Press, February 12, 2003)
Test-Driven Development (TDD) in Microsoft .NET (Microsoft Professional)
$40 Designing Scalable .NET Applications (Expert's Voice) (APress; November 1, 2003)